A Security at Its Finest: Overview of Cryptography Mechanisms

Cryptography is the field of science which aims to construct systems that can withstand any abuse. The systems are designed in such a way that, even under malicious attacks, the systems can perform their functionalities without any security issues and without revealing any secret information [Goldreich 2004]. Cryptography has been an important field even centuries before modern computers. However, after widespread usage of Internet, it has become an important aspect of our daily life, because personal information such as user names, passwords, credit card information etc. which are required to use modern systems needs to be secure. In this research, we surveyed several papers ranging from classical to more recent ones which become milestones in this field. This paper basically addresses fundamental techniques that have been used in this field, and their applications.